difficile) infection (CDI) is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide with substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare cost.įor example, Clostridioides difficile ( C. In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified C. difficile as an “urgent” threat (the highest threat) in its antimicrobial resistance threat report. Contact precautions and environmental hygiene have been only moderately successful for CDI control, which remains a seemingly intractable problem. difficile spores that become airborne during patient care activities travel long distances, contaminating environmental surfaces remote from the sources. Thus, CDI is related to many healthcare activities, including the bed making, bedpan washing, provider movement, housekeeping activities, and toilet flushing. difficile bacteria can grow and be emitted from both wet (such as flushing toilet bowl water and bowl surfaces) and dry (such as table, ground, and wall surfaces) environments. Therefore, it is critical to test the key mechanical properties of the manufactured composites to prevent the bacteria growth and, then, to reduce their emissions. Nanoparticles (particle diameter < 100 nm), such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), have been widely studied due to their significant antimicrobial potentials, especially valuable to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. coli) colonies were exposed to surfaces treated with nanoparticles, prevention in further bacteria growth was observed. The nanoparticle antimicrobial capacities can be further enhanced by ultraviolet (UV) illumination due to the photocatalysis effects of these nanoparticles. UV illumination was observed to be a vital mechanism in activating the antibacterial properties of the given nanoparticles. The size-controlled nanoparticles can also improve the antibacterial efficacy because the smaller sizes can easily penetrate into bacterial membranes due to their larger particle surface areas. If exposed to light in the UV spectrum, the nanoparticles became safe for use in the human body. The DLP-based polymer 3D printer used to conduct this study was an Anycubic Photon (Anycubic, Commerce, CA, USA) with a build volume of 115 mm × 65 mm × 155 mm.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |